Cardiology

Welcome to our carduology department Our Cardiologists are dedicated to providing comprehensive care for heart health. With a commitment to excellence and patient-centered service, we offer a full range of diagnostic, treatment, and preventive cardiology services. Expert Cardiologists team consists of board-certified cardiologists with extensive experience in diagnosing and treating a wide range of heart conditions. We are committed to staying at the forefront of cardiology practices to provide you with the best possible care.We utilize state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment technologies, including advanced imaging techniques, stress tests, and minimally invasive procedures, to ensure accurate diagnoses and effective treatments.Our Cardiology Department offers a full spectrum of services. We are equipped to handle everything from initial consultations to advanced cardiovascular interventions.We believe in treating the whole person, not just the condition. Our team provides compassionate support and education to help you make informed decisions about your heart health.Whether you are seeking a routine check-up, a diagnosis for a specific heart condition, or ongoing management of a cardiovascular issue, our team is here to provide you with exceptional care and support every step of the way.

Angiography is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, particularly the heart. It involves injecting a contrast dye into the bloodstream to make the blood vessels visible on X-ray images. This helps in diagnosing and assessing the severity of cardiovascular conditions. Types of Angiography:

  • Coronary Angiography: This is the most common type of angiography used to examine the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. It is primarily used to detect blockages or narrowing of the arteries due to coronary artery disease (CAD). The procedure helps guide treatment decisions such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  • Peripheral Angiography: Focuses on the blood vessels outside the heart, such as those in the legs or arms. It is used to diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD) or other vascular conditions. The procedure can help identify blockages or narrowing in the peripheral arteries.
  • Pulmonary Angiography: This type of angiography is used to visualize the blood vessels of the lungs. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like pulmonary embolism, where a blood clot obstructs the blood flow in the lungs.
  • Cerebral Angiography: Used to examine the blood vessels in the brain. This type of angiography helps diagnose issues such as aneurysms, strokes, or vascular malformations in the brain.

Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open up blocked or narrowed coronary arteries to restore normal blood flow to the heart muscle. It is commonly performed to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) and improve heart function. Types of Angioplasty:

  1. Balloon Angioplasty: The most basic form of angioplasty, where a balloon catheter is inserted into the blocked artery. The balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the artery walls, widening the artery and restoring blood flow.
  2. Stent Placement: Often performed in conjunction with balloon angioplasty. A stent, which is a small mesh tube, is placed in the artery to keep it open after the balloon is deflated. Stents can be drug-eluting (coated with medication to prevent re-narrowing) or bare-metal.
  3. Laser Angioplasty: Uses a laser to vaporize the plaque obstructing the artery. This method is less common but can be used in specific cases where traditional balloon angioplasty is less effective.
  4. Rotational Atherectomy: A procedure that uses a rotating diamond-coated drill to remove hardened plaque from the artery walls. This technique is often used for complex blockages that cannot be treated with balloon angioplasty alone.

Pacemaker implantation is a procedure to place a small electronic device (a pacemaker) inside the chest to regulate the heart’s rhythm. The pacemaker sends electrical impulses to the heart to maintain a regular heartbeat and correct abnormal heart rhythms. Procedure:

  1. Insertion: The pacemaker is implanted under the skin near the collarbone. Leads (wires) are threaded through a vein to the heart, where they are attached to the heart’s chambers. The device monitors the heart’s rhythm and sends electrical signals to stimulate the heart as needed.

Types of Pacemakers:

  1. Single-Chamber Pacemaker: Has one lead that is typically placed in the right ventricle. It is used to regulate the heartbeat when there is a problem with the heart’s ventricular rhythm.
  2. Dual-Chamber Pacemaker: Includes two leads—one in the right atrium and one in the right ventricle. This type is used to manage both atrial and ventricular rhythms and is often used when the heart’s natural pacemaker is not functioning correctly.
  3. Biventricular Pacemaker: Also known as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), this pacemaker has three leads that are placed in the right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. It helps coordinate the contractions of the heart’s ventricles and is used in patients with heart failure who have an impaired cardiac rhythm.

CABG is a surgical procedure designed to improve blood flow to the heart muscle by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. This is achieved by using a healthy blood vessel, typically taken from the chest, leg, or arm, to create a new pathway for blood flow around the blockage. Procedure:

  1. Harvesting: A healthy blood vessel is removed from another part of the body.
  2. Bypass Creation: The vessel is attached above and below the blockage in the coronary artery, allowing blood to flow around the obstructed area.
  3. Reattachment: The chest is closed with sutures or staples.

Heart valve surgery involves repairing or replacing damaged heart valves to restore normal blood flow through the heart. This surgery is performed to treat conditions such as aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and other valvular disorders. Types of Valve Surgery:

  1. Valve Repair: Involves reconstructing the damaged valve to restore its normal function. Techniques include repairing the valve’s leaflets, tightening its ring, or reshaping the valve.
  2. Valve Replacement: Involves removing the damaged valve and replacing it with a new one. Replacement valves can be:

Mechanical Valves: Made of durable materials and designed for long-term use. Patients with mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulation therapy. Biological (Tissue) Valves: Made from animal tissue (bovine or porcine) or human tissue. These valves typically do not require long-term anticoagulation but may have a shorter lifespan than mechanical valves.

An LVAD is a mechanical pump implanted to assist the left ventricle, the heart’s main pumping chamber, in pumping blood to the rest of the body. This device is often used for patients with advanced heart failure who are not candidates for heart transplantation or are waiting for a transplant. Procedure:

  1. Implantation: The LVAD is surgically implanted in the chest, with one end connected to the left ventricle and the other to the aorta.
  2. Support: The device helps the heart pump blood more effectively, improving symptoms and overall heart function.

Heart transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a diseased heart is replaced with a healthy donor heart. This surgery is considered for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe heart conditions that cannot be managed with other treatments.

Procedure:

  1. Recipient Preparation: The patient’s diseased heart is removed, and the donor heart is carefully prepared and matched for compatibility.
  2. Implantation: The donor heart is sewn into place, and the blood vessels are connected.
  3. Recovery: The patient is monitored closely to ensure the new heart functions properly and to manage any potential complications.

Description: TAVI, or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a diseased aortic valve with a new, artificial valve. It is an alternative to traditional open-heart valve replacement surgery, particularly for patients who are considered high-risk or ineligible for conventional surgery. Procedure:

  1. Access: The procedure is typically performed through a small incision in the groin (transfemoral approach) or through a small incision in the chest (transapical approach). A catheter is inserted and guided to the heart.
  2. Valve Deployment: The new valve is delivered to the aortic valve position using the catheter. It is expanded and positioned within the diseased valve, pushing it aside and allowing the new valve to function properly.
  3. Final Steps: The catheter is removed, and the incision is closed.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked by plaque, which is a mix of fatty substances, cholesterol, and other materials. This plaque buildup reduces blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to potential heart damage or heart attacks. Symptoms:

  1. Chest Pain (Angina): A feeling of pressure, squeezing, or discomfort in the chest that may radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or back.
  2. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical exertion or when lying flat.
  3. Fatigue: Unusual tiredness or weakness, particularly with exertion.
  4. Nausea or Sweating: Feeling nauseated or breaking out in a cold sweat without a clear cause.

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. This can result from various conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or heart valve disorders. Symptoms:

  1. Shortness of Breath: Persistent breathlessness during daily activities, lying down, or even at rest.
  2. Swelling: Fluid buildup in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen, causing noticeable swelling.
  3. Chronic Fatigue: A constant feeling of tiredness or weakness, often interfering with daily activities.
  4. Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: A sensation of a fast or irregular heartbeat, which may accompany the other symptoms.

Arrhythmias are abnormalities in the heart’s rhythm caused by disruptions in the electrical signals that control heartbeats. They can range from benign to life-threatening. Symptoms:

  1. Palpitations: The feeling of a rapid, fluttering, or irregular heartbeat.
  2. Dizziness or Lightheadedness: A sensation of unsteadiness or feeling faint, especially during arrhythmic episodes.
  3. Fainting (Syncope): Sudden loss of consciousness, which can occur if the heart’s rhythm is severely abnormal.
  4. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, which may occur alongside palpitations or dizziness.

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure remains elevated over time. It often develops gradually and can lead to severe complications like heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage if not managed properly. Symptoms:

  1. Often Asymptomatic: Many individuals with high blood pressure do not experience noticeable symptoms.
  2. Headaches: Severe headaches, especially if blood pressure is extremely high.
  3. Nosebleeds: Frequent or unexplained nosebleeds may occur in severe cases.
  4. Dizziness or Blurred Vision: Feeling lightheaded or experiencing visual disturbances.

Valvular heart disease involves problems with one or more of the heart valves, which can affect the flow of blood through the heart. Common issues include aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and mitral stenosis. Symptoms:

  1. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing during exertion or while lying flat.
  2. Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest that can vary in intensity.
  3. Palpitations: Feelings of an irregular or rapid heartbeat.
  4. Swelling: Fluid buildup in the legs, ankles, or abdomen.

Cholesterol and lipid disorders involve high levels of cholesterol and other fats in the blood, which can lead to plaque formation in the arteries and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Symptoms:

  1. Often Asymptomatic: High cholesterol and lipid levels typically do not cause noticeable symptoms.
  2. Heart Disease Symptoms: Elevated cholesterol can contribute to symptoms associated with heart disease, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, depending on the extent of arterial blockage.

Preventive cardiology focuses on identifying and mitigating risk factors before cardiovascular disease develops. It involves strategies to reduce the likelihood of heart disease through lifestyle changes and early intervention. Symptoms:

  1. No Specific Symptoms: Preventive cardiology aims to address risk factors rather than treating symptoms of an existing condition.

Cardiology Specialities

Dr. Shirin Gupta

Dr. Shirin Gupta
Dr. Jamshed Dalal

Dr. Jamshed Dalal
Dr Manish Aggarwal

Dr Manish Aggarwal
Dr. Kewal Krishna Talwar

Dr. Kewal Krishna Talwar